Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the Belt and Road Initiative. In Opportunities and Challenges for Multinational Enterprises and Foreign
Authors: Poshan Yu, Zhu Meng, Emanuela Hanes & Dr Wycliffe Misuko Nyaribo
Motivated by the Chinese government’s foreign direct investment (FDI) promotion policies, this paper is attempting to examine the implications of these policies to the Belt and Road (B&R) regions under the unique institutional settings. By applying the software tool CiteSpace, which is developed for visual analyze of science mapping (Chen, 2017), this paper aims to investigate the dynamics of Chinese cross-border investment activities in B&R countries, taking the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor as an example, and discuss the question whether & how these policies and activities could drive more Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) to exploit these emerging business opportunities in B&R regions, as well as investigate what is the trend of Chinese FDI in B&R.
https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/chinese-foreign-direct-investment-in-the-belt-and-road-initiative/307588
Authors: Anthony C. Mwangi & Dr. Wycliffe M. Nyaribo
Corporate governance structures are the systems and regulations created within an organization, to help guide the decision-making processes. This help in determining the respective roles to be played by various stakeholders in the organization. Corporate governance has been shown to have an impact on the performance of state corporations. However, most of these studies concentrate on the board structures and how they affect the financial performance of the organization in respect to Return on Equity, Return on Assets and Tobin’s Q. This research 4.2 Corporations in the education sector in Kenya. This area is least studied especially being a service-oriented and largely non-commercial sector. The objectives of the study are to establish the influence of CEOs attributes on performance, examine the influence of board structure on performance and find out the impact of the audit committee on performance of state corporations in Kenya. The study targets 171 respondents across 27 sampled state corporations under the education sector in Kenya. The respondents are drawn from senior and middle level managers, finance and account officers and internal audit staff. The 27 state corporations were selected using a stratified random sampling technique from the target population of 45 state corporations. The data was collected for the three objectives with specific questions on Board diversity, attributes of the CEO, Independence of the Audit Committee. The data collection tool used a close-ended questionnaire, there were 134 questionnaires returned out of the targeted 162, through a drop and pick method. The data collected was cleaned, coded and posted to SPSS Ver 23 for analysis. A regression model was applied to analyze the existing relationship between the variables; independent variables: CEO Attributes, Board Diversity and Audit Committee effect on the organizational performance being the dependent variable. Diagnostic tests were conducted to check for normality and multicollinearity. The study found that CEOs attributes, Board of directors’ diversity and audit committee had significant effect at α = 0.05 and contribute 27.7% of variations of performance in state corporations in education sector in Kenya. The study therefore recommends that, for enhanced performance of state corporations in the education sector in Kenya, stakeholders should appoint CEOs with rich experience, boards with diversity including gender and audit committee members who have higher qualifications especially, professional qualifications.
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinforcitation.aspx?paperid=118981
This chapter aims to study the development of futuristic e-commerce systems in rural China. This chapter will explore the current situation of the whole industrial chain in rural small and medium enterprises and their developing trends in B2C model. Why are rural agricultural small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) developing rapidly in China? What is the digital context for the development of rural SMEs in the agricultural sector? What digital transformations have rural SMEs experienced in terms of business models, especially in less developed areas, such as Tier 4 and Tier 5 areas, compared with international ones? Compared with the previous rural e-commerce, what are the advantages of optimizing the new system? This chapter will use CiteSpace to perform statistical and correlation analysis on Chinese agricultural e-commerce system, including the Web of Science (WOS) database and CSSCI database. Cases from China will be used for comparison. This chapter will provide suggestions for the development of futuristic e-commerce system in emerging economies.
https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/the-digital-transformation-of-rural-agricultural-business-management/309667
Authors: Poshan Yu, Qimiao Wu, Dr. Misuko Nyaribo & Shengyuan Lu
It has been nearly 20 years since the official establishment and implementation of the qualified foreign institutional investor (QFII) system in China. During this period, China’s financial market has gradually opened to the outside world, as has its capital market. The Chinese government is constantly adjusting and improving the QFII system and policies according to the domestic and international situation. In response to the adjustment of China’s policies, foreign investors should also adjust their investment strategies in a timely manner. This chapter will focus on the sources of QFII investment and explore the current investment potential of China’s QFII. This chapter will first discuss the major issues in overseas investment research, then analyze the situation of QFII in different regions according to the QFII list, and finally, analyze the investment potential of each region and give suggestions based on these situations.
https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/strategy-management-of-institutional-investors/312164
Effect of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Performance of Public Hospitals in Kajiado County, Kenya.
Authors: Winifred Taiko & Dr. Asenath Onguso
Healthcare is one of the fastest growing sector and to offer quality care to patients, a large pool of well trained, dedicated and motivated medical professionals are required. Given the healthcare workforce-intensive nature, the human resource management practices come in handy to facilitate and support the recruitment, hiring, development of the employees, with the goal of raising levels of employee performance and satisfaction. This study sought to determine the effect of human resource management practices on employee performance of public hospitals in Kajiado County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the effect career development, compensation, performance appraisals and recruitment on employee performance of public hospitals in Kajiado County, Kenya. The study was conducted in Kajiado County where the performance of public hospitals had been rated poor since devolving of healthcare services to the county governments. The study employed descriptive research design. Primary data was collected by means of a structured questionnaire. The study was conducted in the 5 public hospitals in Kajiado County (Kajiado County Referral Hospital, Ngong Sub County, Oloitoktok Sub County, Kitengela Sub County and Ongata Rongai Sub County). The unit of observation was the medical staff in each of the health cadres. The findings indicated that career development and employee performance in public hospitals in Kajiado County, Kenya is positively and significantly related. Compensation and employee performance in public hospitals in Kajiado County, Kenya is positively and significantly related. Performance appraisals and employee performance in public hospitals in Kajiado County, Kenya was positively and significantly related. Recruitment and employee performance in public hospitals in Kajiado County, Kenya is positively and significantly related. The study recommends the management of public hospitals should consider organizing for trainings and seminars for the employees as this will help to increase employee skills, loyalty and competence making them more willing to work harder for the success of the public hospitals.
https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2085
Authors: Catherine N. Gatari, Dr. Ismail N. Shale & Dr. Anthony Osoro
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of procurement methods on sustainable performance of state corporations in Kenya. The study was anchored on tendering theory and employed descriptive research design. This study focused on positivist Philosophy. The target population of this study included all 187 registered state corporations in Kenya. The study was a census survey of all the 187 state corporations.
https://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0922.php?rp=P12912424
Authors: Catherine N. Gatari & Stephen Mutiso
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect circular economy practices on sustainable performance of plastic and rubber manufacturing firms in Kenya. Methodology: Descriptive research design was adopted in this study. The target population of this study included all 82 plastic and rubber manufacturing organizations in Kenya registered as members of KAM according to 2021 directory. The study used a census where all the 82 plastic and rubber manufacturing firms were surveyed. To identify the unit of observation, the head of production and the head of procurement function were selected purposively because they have similar skills, knowledge, experience and exposure in the area of research. This formed 164 respondents. The study used primary data as the main data which was collected using structured and semi structured questionnaires. The collected data was prepared and analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize and organize characteristics of a data set collected which was presented in form of means, modes and standard deviations (Kothari, 2019). Then inferential statistics through a regression model was used to test the research hypotheses. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. The analyzed data was presented in form of tables, graphs, histograms and pie charts. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to establish a mathematical model that explains the relationship between dependent and independent variable. Results and conclusion: The response rate of the study was 63%. R square value of 0.647 means that 64.7% of the corresponding variation in plastic and rubber manufacturing firms in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (circular procurement, circular design, circular manufacturing, circular distribution) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 0.647), p=0.000
https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Effect_of_Circular_Economy_Practices_on_Sustainable_Performance_of_Plastic_and_Rubber__Manufacturing_Firms_in_Kenya_ijariie16444.pdf
Authors: Catherine N. Gatari, Dr. Ismail N. Shale & Dr. Anthony Osoro
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of inventory management on sustainable performance of state corporations in Kenya.
Methodology: The descriptive research design was applied in carrying out the study. The respondents of the study included the heads of finance and procurement department in all 187 state corporations in Kenya. Census was used in this study where the head of procurement department and the head of finance in each state corporation that resulted to 374 study respondents. This study used a questionnaire as the main research tool to collect primary data. Descriptive analysis and inferential analysis was carried out which was made possible through the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.
Findings: Inventory management significantly affected the sustainability of state corporations in Kenya at p<0.05. This shows that upholding inventory management would be essential in steering the sustainable performance of the state corporations. The regression model established that the R value was 0.633 while the R2 was 0.401 which indicated that the variability of the inventory management on the sustainable performance of the state corporations in Kenya could be explained by up to 40.1% of the model and the P-value was 0.000<0.05. This implies that the model was fit to determine the relationship between inventory management and sustainable performance and therein make conclusions and recommendations.
https://www.iprjb.org/journals/index.php/IJSCM/article/view/1667
Authors: Catherine N. Gatari, Dr. Ismail N. Shale & Dr. Anthony Osoro
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of procurement contract management on sustainable performance of state corporations in Kenya.
Methodology: The research design used in this research was mixed-methods research design. The study focused on 187 state corporation as the target population. Census was applied where all state corporations were surveyed and purposive sampling was used to pick the finance manager and the procurement manager which resulted to 374 respondents. The study main source of data was primary data which was gathered using research questionnaires. The gathered data was assessed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 28. The study carried out both descriptive and inferential analysis to draw conclusions.
Results: The inferential analysis results revealed that procurement contract management had a significant and positive influence on the sustainable performance of state corporations in Kenya at p<0.05. This indicates that contract preparation, contract administration, contract control and monitoring and contract conflicts resolution mechanisms are crucial drivers of sustainable performance of an organization. The model summary found that a unit change in procurement contract management may account for a variability of 45.1% in a firm’s sustainable performance. The R value for the model was 0.670 and the R2 was 0.451. This was a sign that the model was appropriate for establishing the link between procurement contract management and sustainable performance and, as a result, for drawing the conclusions and suggestions from the study.
https://carijournals.org/journals/index.php/IJSCL/article/view/1073
Authors: Nahasho Mwirigi, Prof. Richard Simwa, Dr. Mary Wainaina & Dr. Stanley Sewe
In modeling HIV/AIDS progression, we carried out a comprehensive investigation into the risk factors for state-specific-failure rates to identify the influential co-variates using Bayesian Model averaging method (BMA). BMA provides a posterior probability via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for each variable that belongs to the model. It accounts for model uncertainty by averaging all plausible models using their posterior probabilities as the weights for model-averaged predictions and estimates of the required parameters. Patients’ age, and gender, among other co-variates, have been found to influence the state-specific-failure rates highly. However, the impact of each of the factors on the state specific-failure was not quantified. This paper seeks to evaluate and quantify the contribution of the patient’s age and gender, CD4 cell count during any two consecutive visits, and state movement on the state-specific-failure rates for patients transiting either to the same, better or worse state. We used R Studio statistical Programming software to implement the method by applying BMS and BMA packages. State movement had a comparatively large coefficient with a posterior inclusion probability (PIP) of 0.8788 (87.88%). Hence, the most critical variable followed by observation-two-CD4-cell-count with a PIP of 0.1416 (14.16%), age and gender were the last with a PIP of 0.0556 (5.56%) and 0.0510 (5.10%) respectively for patients transiting to the same state. For patients transiting to a better state, the patients’ age group dominated with a PIP of 0.9969 (99.69%), followed by patients’ gender with a PIP of 0.0608 (6.08%). Patients’ CD4 cell count during the second observation had the least PIP of 0.0399 (3.99%). For patients transiting to a worse disease state, patients CD4 cell count during the second observation proved to be the most important, with a PIP of 0.6179(61.79%) followed by state movement with a PIP of 0.2599 (25.99%), patients gender tailed with a PIP of 0.0467 (4.67%).
https://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=12215
Authors: Nahasho Mwirigi, Dr. Stanley Sewe, Dr. Mary Wainaina & Prof. Richard Simwa
This study considered the problem of selecting the best single model for modeling state-specific failure rates in HIV/AIDS progression for patients on antiretroviral therapy with age and gender as risk factors using exponential, two-parameter, and three-parameter Weibull distributions. CD4 count changes in any two consecutive visits, the mean waiting time (μ), and transitional rates (λ) for remaining in the same state or transiting to a better or a worse state were analyzed. Various model selection criteria, namely, Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and Log-Likelihood (LL), were used in each specific disease state. The Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method was applied to obtain the parameters of the distributions used. Plots of State-specific transition rates (λ) depicted constant, increasing, decreasing, and unimodal trends. Three-parameter Weibull distribution was the best for male patients and patients aged (40-69) years transiting in the states 1-2, 3-4, and 4-5, and 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6, respectively, and for male, female patients, and patients aged (40-69), remaining in the same state. Two-parameter Weibull distribution was the best for female patients and patients aged (20-39) years transiting in the states 1-2, 2-3, 4-5, and 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, respectively. Exponential distribution proved inferior to the other two distributions used.
https://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=12006
Authors: Dr. Jackson N. Mwangi
Katika ulimwengu wa sasa, kuna mabadiliko chungu nzima yanayoshuhudiwa duniani yanasababishwa na masuala anuwai kama vile maendeleo ya kiteknolojia pamoja na utandarithi yanayoathiri pakubwa maisha ya vijana. Nchini Kenya, vijana wana umuhimu wa kipekee kwani wanatekeleza majukumu muhimu sana katika kukuza uchumi wa nchi. Isitoshe, idadi ya vijana kote ulimwenguni imeendelea kuongezeka kila uchao na imepiku ile ya wazee. Kwa hivyo, ni nyema kujadili changamoto zinazowakabili na kupendekeza hatua za kukabiliana nazo. Lengo la utafiti huu lilikuwa ni kuchanganua changamoto zinazowakumba vijana pamoja na athari zake katika ya tamthilia ya Kitumbua Kimeingia Mchanga ya S.A Mohamed (2000). Mada hii ilichaguliwa kwa misingi kwamba vijana wanakumbwa na changamoto nyingi katika maisha yao zinazowaathiri kwa kiasi cha haja na kutinga juhudi za kuafikia jaala zao. Utafiti huu ulilenga kubainisha changamoto zinazowakumba vijana katika tamthilia hii na kutambua mbinu ambazo vijana hawa wanazua ili kukabiliana nazo. Nadharia ya Uhalisia ilitumika kwa sababu ilionekana kufaa zaidi kuchanganua changamoto zinazowakumba vijana. Hii ni kwa sababu changamoto hizi zina uhalisia mkubwa katika maisha yao. Madhumuni ya utafiti huu yalikuwa ni kuchunguza na kueleza namna changamoto za vijana zinavyojitokeza katika tamthilia ya Kitumbua Kimeingia Mchanga na kisha kubainisha hatua zinazochukuliwa kuzitatua changamoto hizo. Utafiti huu ni wa kimaelezo na kiudhamano kwani ulihusisha kuchanganua matini zinazohusiana na mada husika. Sampuli katika utafiti huu iliteuliwa kimakusudi kwani ndiyo ingempa mtafiti data aliyonuia kuipata. Ni bayana kuwa utafiti huu utaifaa jamii ya wasomi wanaoshughulikia maswala ibuka katika jamii.
https://doi.org/10.37284/jammk.5.2.959
Authors: James Oyoo & Mackred Ochieng’
The major function of pension funds is to provide ways for individuals to build up financial savings during their effective or working life in preparation for the funding of the consumption requires when they retire from active employment. Pension funds are the major sources of retirement income for many individuals worldwide. Despite the pension sub-sector growing, the faster growth in pension liabilities relative to assets as well as increasing life expectancy has elevated funding risks. In the defined contribution schemes, unremitted contributions have increased due to poor economic performance and the insufficient funding of quasi government schemes. This study sought to analyze the factors affecting financial performance of pension schemes in Kenya. The study specific objectives were to determine the influence of risk management, membership age, member contribution and firm size to determine their effect on the financial performance of the pension schemes. The study used 34 individual retirement benefits schemes registered with the Retirement Benefit Authority. The study used data for the period 2012-2021. The results revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between risk management and financial performance of pension schemes. There was a negative and insignificant relationship between age of scheme members and financial performance of pension schemes. Member contribution had a positive and significant relationship with financial performance of pension schemes. Firm size revealed a positive and significant relationship with financial performance of pension schemes in Kenya. The null hypothesis on risk management, member contribution and firm size were rejected while that of age of the scheme members was not rejected. The study concluded that there is a strong correlation between risk management, age of scheme members, member contributions and firm size on financial performance of pension funds. The study recommended that pension funds should use the increasing value of their funds to generate returns for the pensioners. In addition, there is need to utilize assets to generate income for the pension funds and include the needs of the different age brackets in the management of the pension schemes.
https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2114
Authors: Mackred Dinga
This study examined the validity of the Mercer Global Pension Index using multiple discriminant analysis. The index data for 43 countries in the Index Report 2021 was obtained and a ranking score developed. The three predictors adequacy, sustainability and, integrity, which were individually composite variables, were analyzed to determine the extent to which they influence the ranking of the pension systems. The findings confirm that adequacy, sustainability and integrity of the pension system all have a significant influence on the ranking of pension systems in the world as provided in the Mercer Global Pension Index report of 2021.
https://ijrp.org/paper-detail/4182
Fundamental Analysis of the Agricultural Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya.
Authors: Mackred Ochieng Dinga
This study examined the fundamentals of the agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. Cross-sectional data covering seven years was obtained from six firms and assembled into a pool of 420 data points. The study employed one-way analysis of variance in performing fundamental securities analysis using ratios data from the published financial statements of the firms. The findings suggest that there are differences among these firms with regard to solvency, liquidity and profitability which lays bare a compelling choice criteria for investors and other stakeholders who are keen on dealing with these firms.
https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V3ISSUE12/IJRPR8706.pdf